10 Questions You Should to Know about Future Electric Vehicles

09 Jun.,2025

 

Answers to 10 common questions about electric vehicles

Answers to common (and sometimes funny) questions about electric vehicles

1. Can an EV go through a car wash?

Yes, absolutely! Stow your sponges and squeegees: You can take your electric car through any automated car wash. Automatic car washing systems may include soft-touch, no-touch, high-pressure and tunnel washes. 

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Automatic car washes are as safe for EVs as they are for cars powered by gas (aka internal combustion engines, or ICE). These washing systems will not damage batteries, electrical systems or motors. (You can even charge your EV in the rain, but that’s a topic for another day.)

Just as you would when taking your ICE ride through an automated tunnel car wash, it’s a good idea to follow this checklist when you line up for a sudsing:

Automated car wash tips:

  • Tuck your mirrors in.
  • Close your windows, doors and sunroof completely.
  • Turn rain-sensing windshield wipers off.
  • Keep the ignition on.
  • Put the vehicle in neutral.  

One more thing, because sometimes we can’t help ourselves! About those sponges and squeegees: You may want to hang on to them. Although you can safely run your EV through a car wash, these convenient cleansers can scratch or damage the paint finish of any car, ICE or electric. Plus, many car washes use environmentally harmful chemicals that can degrade paint and pollute rivers and streams. From an environmental and budgeting standpoint, your best bet is to hand-wash your car with biodegradable soap. 

2. How many makes and models of EVs are available in the U.S.?

U.S. electric vehicle (EV) sales hit a record high in Q3 (July, August and September) , with 346,309 units sold—a 5% increase from Q2 (April, May and June) and an 11% jump year-over-year, according to Kelley Blue Book. EV market share climbed to 8.9%, up from 7.8% in Q3 , reflecting steady growth despite a slower pace. could potentially be another solid year for EVs with new models expected from manufacturers such as  Acura, Audi, Cadillac, Ferrari and more!

Find an EV for you

There are nearly 100 battery-only EVs (BEVs) and plug-in hybrid EVs (PHEVs) available in the U.S. And here’s a look at all of them.*

*Available in the U.S. as of November 16, .
SOURCE: EVAdoption.com

3. How does extreme cold or hot weather affect EVs?

After the record-snapping cold spell of , the cold weather question is fresh on the mind. Here’s the thing: All cars, gas and electric, use more energy in cold weather. That means lower gas mileage for ICE drivers and a shorter range (how far an EV can go on a single charge) for EV drivers. 

According to Consumer Reports, extreme temperatures can reduce an unplugged EV’s range by about 20%, and recharging takes longer. Here are a few tips for getting the most out of your EV range during extreme cold (20° F and below) temperatures:

How to maximize EV range in cold weather:

  • Charge your EV indoors.
  • Precondition your cabin while the EV is still plugged in. Many EVs allow you to schedule preconditioning – EV lingo for heating or cooling the cabin – so you can climb into a toasty-warm car on a cold day without using energy from the battery. 
  • Allow your battery to warm up to optimal operating temperature before leaving your garage.*
  • Use seat warmers instead of cabin heat; they typically use less energy, and they offer instant gratification.
  • Slow down! Not only is it safer, but it increases your range. The faster you go, the more energy your EV uses, so set that cruise control and let it ride!
SOURCE: energy.gov

*Most EVs have a preconditioning function that you can schedule to automatically warm up the battery and cabin from the power grid instead of your vehicle’s battery. Preconditioning time may vary depending on the temperature and type of EV you drive.

Extreme heat (95° F and above) can cause a temporary drop in an EV’s range. According to PCMag, most cars are built with heating and cooling systems to regulate their temperature to prevent long-term detrimental effects on your battery.  

How to maximize EV range in hot weather:

  • Park in the shade.
  • Precondition your EV interior.* 
  • Avoid aggressive acceleration.
  • Keep your trunk and frunk free of junk (lighten your payload).
  • Aim for up to 80% charge to minimize battery strain.
  • Charge during off-peak hours.
  • Keep your tires properly inflated.
SOURCE: KBB.com
*Many electric cars have a “precondition” feature that lets you remotely cool down the interior while the EV remains plugged in.
Preconditioning can help optimize your EV’s performance in hot weather by reducing the strain on the air conditioning system once you start driving. Since the cabin is already cool, the battery isn’t overworked, dropping the temperature to a comfortable level.

4. What are the environmental advantages of EVs?

Generally speaking, over the lifetime of the car, electric vehicles are better for the environment than their gas-powered counterparts, even when you account for battery manufacturing. 

Here are a few big-picture environmental benefits of driving electric:

  • Have zero tailpipe emissions.
  • EVs contribute fewer overall emissions than ICE vehicles.
  • EVs are 2-3x more efficient than gas-powered cars.
  • Lithium-ion manufacturing is more climate friendly than the alternative.
  • EVs with bidirectional charging* capabilities can help stabilize the energy grid.
SOURCES: EPA.gov, fueleconomy.gov, climate.mit.edu, car.com

*Bidirectional charging allows electricity to flow from an EV back into the grid or into your home.

5. Can I tow with an EV?

Yes. Electric vehicles like the Audi e-tron, Ford 150 Lightning, GMC Hummer EV, Hyundai Ioniq and Kona, and Rivian trucks – to name just a few – are all rated for towing.

However, towing heavy loads can cut your range in half, so plan your trip accordingly!

SOURCES: InsideEVs, Forbes.com, cars.com

6. Do electric vehicles catch on fire?

Fire risks exist for both electric and ICE vehicles. Let’s take a look at the numbers and the facts and check out the sources below: 

  • Millions of gas, hybrid and electric vehicles are recalled each year for fire risks.
  • Gas-powered vehicles have the most manufacturer recalls for fire risk defects. 
  • Electric car fires can be harder to put out than gas car fires. Firefighter training helps first responders respond safely.
  • Gas cars are three and a half times more likely to catch fire than EVs.

What to do if your car catches fire:

  • Pull over as soon as safely possible and shut off the car.
  • Get everyone out of the car immediately.
  • Call 911.
  • Stay at least 100 feet away from the vehicle.
  • Stay upwind from the fire, if possible.
  • DO NOT open the hood or trunk if you suspect a fire in either location.
  • DO NOT attempt to put the fire out yourself. 
SOURCES: AutoinsuranceEZ.com, consumerreports.org, NFPA.org, edmunds.com

7. Are all electric cars automatic?

Yes (for now), and most electric cars have only one gear! However, some models – like the Porsche Taycan and Audi e-tron – are bucking the one-speed trend by offering a multi-speed gearbox. (Toyota is also developing a manual transmission experience for EV drivers.)

In these models, first gear helps cars launch quicker. After launch, both cars automatically shift into high gear for better high-speed driving performance and a higher top speed.

8. What are some of the disadvantages of electric cars?

There are plenty of benefits to EVs: They are fun to drive, environmentally friendly, cost less to fuel, have lower maintenance costs, require fewer trips to the mechanic, offer at-home charging/refueling convenience and provide great performance. Although there are plenty of entries in the pro-EV column, there are valid concerns worth addressing. 

Let’s dive right in and speak to the biggest concern for many drivers: finding charging stations. Even though charging an EV at home more than covers a week of typical commuting, long-distance road trips will require some planning. 

Fortunately, the charging infrastructure – or electric fueling infrastructure – is growing. More and more communities, hotels and parks are embracing DC fast chargers, solar chargers and Level 2 charging stations for public use. 

Plus, Tesla is opening up its supercharger network to vehicles made by other manufacturers, a move that will dramatically increase fast charging options for some EV owners. Not only that, but Tesla is even inviting other companies to use its charging technology, which the company renamed in late . It’s now known as the North American Charging Standard (NACS). 

Both Ford and General Motors have announced that they will offer built-in NACS ports in the future. In the meantime, both companies will begin providing adapters to their customers soon. In early , Stellantis also announced that it would adopt the Tesla-invented and SAE standardized plug. In the meantime, some manufacturers, like Ford and Rivian, are giving their EV customers adapters.

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Until very recently, EV sticker prices were generally higher than their gas-powered counterparts; however, federal incentives and rapidly falling battery and raw material costs have many experts predicting that EVs could match gasoline cars on price soon. While EVs may still cost more upfront to purchase, recurring charges for fuel and maintenance are generally cheaper, so the total lifetime cost may be lower than that of a gas vehicle. According to data from the U.S. Department of Energy, buyers who are switching to an electric vehicle could also save up to $14,500 over a 15-year lifespan compared to the average gasoline-powered vehicle.

According to the U.S.Internal Revenue Service, in the first quarter of , buyers of qualified clean vehicles have been able to collectively save over $600 million at the time-of-sale as a result of tax credits, an average of $6,900 per sale.

9. Do EVs need oil changes?

Nope! EVs are powered by electric motors rather than internal combustion engines, which require regular oil changes to lubricate all the moving parts. 

Although you can bid farewell to motor oil and other expensive engine- and transmission-related routine maintenance, EVs still need some routine maintenance and fluids such as coolant, brake fluid, and wiper fluid.

10. Are EVs safe?

As more and more EVs hit the streets, there’s a growing body of evidence indicating they’re at least as safe as gas-powered cars. 

The Insurance Institute for Highway Safety (IIHS) – an independent nonprofit scientific and educational organization – recently handed its TOP SAFETY PICK+ designation to the Genesis Electrified GV70, Hyundai Ioniq 6 and Lexus RZ. 

Looking for more good EV safety news? The IIHS-affiliated Highway Loss Data Institute analyzed crash data on electric and conventional versions of nine models from to and found that injury claims related to the drivers and passengers of EVs were more than 40% lower than injury claims for identical conventional models because the drivers and passengers in heavier vehicles, like EVs, are exposed to lower forces in multi-vehicle crashes.

SOURCES: IIHS, Consumer Reports, Motor Trend

This site’s content (including, without limitation, references and links to third-party information) is based on information provided at the time of publishing, and TVA makes no warranty therein.

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The TVA EnergyRight EV Team

Bio

About the author: The TVA EnergyRight EV Team works diligently to make sure the people of the Tennessee Valley region have fact-based information about electric vehicles so they can decide how EVs fit into their lives. TVA is collaborating with state agencies, local power companies and other partners to pave the way for EV adoption in the region. This includes developing the Fast Charge Network, which will place public fast chargers at least every 50 miles along the interstates and major highways across TVA’s seven-state service area by . About our EV blogs: We know that big changes – like purchasing a vehicle that runs on electricity instead of gasoline – can lead to big questions. And that's why we’re doing our best to provide expert, unbiased answers to your pressing EV questions. Each of our posts will include links to trusted external sources like automotive magazines, thought leaders, research-backed studies, government agencies and more. Feel free to click around! DISCLAIMER: No TVA endorsement of any specific vehicle, car manufacturer, electric charger or other equipment is intended or implied. This site’s content (including, without limitation, references and links to third-party information) is based on information provided at the time of publishing, and TVA makes no warranty therein.

Electric Cars 101: Answers to All Your EV Questions

Battery electric vehicles have fewer components than a plug-in hybrid or an internal combustion engine vehicle, so they often have lower maintenance costs because they don’t require fluid changes or tuneups. An analysis of EVs by CR found that EVs generally cost less to own over a typical ownership period than their equivalent gasoline-powered counterparts—although a less-reliable EV may end up needing pricey repairs, so be sure to choose a vehicle that scores highly on CR’s reliability ratings.

The cost of the electricity to charge an EV is almost always hundreds of dollars less per year than the fuel expense for a similar gas-powered vehicle. However, depending on where you live, how much you pay for electricity, and what kind of vehicle you’re shopping for, it may take many years—if ever—for those savings to make up the difference between the purchase price of an EV and a similar hybrid vehicle. Our analysis shows that luxury vehicles and trucks tend to have a quicker payoff than smaller EVs.

Figuring out an EV’s energy costs is a lot more complex than doing the same for a gas-powered car, but the Department of Energy’s Alternative Fuels Data Center has an easy-to-use calculator at afdc.energy.gov/calc. Check out any local incentives that might make it cheaper to charge an EV at home overnight. You can also calculate how much you’ll save if your home has solar power.

Maybe. The Inflation Reduction Act (IRA), signed into law last year, offers tax credits of up to $7,500 on new EVs and up to $4,000 on used EVs, but the rules can be complex. How much you’ll get—if anything at all—depends on your income, where the car you purchased was manufactured, where its battery and electrical components came from, and how much it costs. These factors can change as automakers change prices, open new factories, or switch parts suppliers, so head to CR’s EV incentive finder for the latest about tax credits, and read our guide to EV tax credits to learn more. If the car you’re interested in doesn’t qualify, consider leasing. You might be able to take advantage of a tax credit using a different method.

Your state or even your local utility company may have additional incentives or discounts, too. There are also federal, state, and local incentives that can significantly reduce the cost of installing a charger at home.

If you’re considering an electric vehicle, you should think about leasing instead of buying. Although the market for EVs is changing rapidly and unpredictably, leasing offers some advantages.

You can qualify for a full $7,500 federal tax credit without meeting restrictive federal requirements on where an electric car was made, how much it costs, or how much a lessee makes. Because you lease for only a few years, you won’t be stuck with a car that has outdated battery technology or charging standards, because these are still rapidly evolving. And if an automaker drops the price of a new EV by thousands of dollars overnight—as Ford recently did on the F-150 Lightning—you won’t take the hit if your leased vehicle is suddenly worth less than it was the day before.

Chances are, you’ll do the majority of your charging at home. In a fall Consumer Reports nationally representative survey of 943 Americans who say they own or lease EVs, we asked them to estimate what percentage of their charging happens at different locations on a typical week. On average, those who do any charging at home say that 64% of their charging happens at home; those who do any charging at public chargers do 31% of their charging there; and those who plug in at work at all do 30% of their charging there.

If you plan on charging at home, that usually means you’ll need ready access to a 240-volt EV charger. These are available online through Amazon, Costco, Home Depot, Lowe’s, and Sam’s Club, among others, and we’ve tested the most popular models. The cost is typically $500 to $700. Unless you are pushing the range limit on a daily basis, you won’t have to fill up your EV from empty all the way to full very often.

You’ll need a professional electrician to install a Level 2 charger. An installation entails putting a special 240-volt receptacle, like the ones used for a clothes dryer, in your garage or near your driveway. You can also hardwire a charger, which may allow for quicker charging. Expect to pay about $500 to $1,200 for the work, plus $500 to $700 for the wall-mounted charging unit. Of course, costs will vary depending on your specific setup. Installing a charger in an older home that needs a wiring upgrade could cost thousands.

If you don’t have a garage, don’t worry: Nearly all chargers are weatherproof and waterproof and are designed to safely be installed outdoors. But if you don’t own your own home and can’t get permission to install a charger in your rental, or if you don’t have off-street parking at all, you may be unable to install a charging station.

A few EVs, including the Ford F-150 Lightning, Genesis GV60, Hyundai Ioniq 5, Kia EV6, and Rivian R1T, have built-in plugs that can provide short-term electric power for smaller household goods and appliances.

Although there are now more than 53,000 U.S. public charging locations, most of them are Level 2 chargers—the same kind you’d have installed at home—and take many hours to fully charge a battery (more on that below). 

If you’re on a long road trip, you’ll most likely want to charge at publicly accessible DC fast chargers. These are becoming more common, even if they aren’t as ubiquitous or easy to use as gas stations. Most of them are available off major highways or at rest areas. 

How easy they are to use can often depend on what kind of vehicle you drive and brand of charger you’re trying to use. Tesla owners have access to a wide network of Tesla Supercharger charging stations, and we have found that they make topping up a Tesla seamless, convenient, and relatively quick. Owners of other EVs rely on a patchwork of chargers that aren’t always convenient to access, might not always charge rapidly, and usually require the user to fumble through an app or swipe a credit card to activate the charger. (Some—but not all—Tesla Superchargers are opening up to owners of EVs from other brands.) Nissan Leaf owners will have to search for a fast charger with a specific kind of plug, called CHAdeMO, which isn’t used by any other new pure EV sold in the U.S. 

Many automakers have said their vehicles will be compatible with some Tesla Superchargers starting in . We’re keeping a close eye on this development. 

Plugging in a vehicle can require more physical effort than gassing up a car, too, especially if you have to drag a heavy cord to reach the car’s charging port. There are no “full serve” charging stations, and because EVs have their charging ports installed in various places on the vehicle, not all chargers are conveniently set up for a charging cord to reach the outlet.

Before you go on a trip, download apps that can help, such as those from the ChargePoint and Electrify America charging networks. PlugShare is helpful for locating public chargers, too. Some vehicles have charging station data built into their navigation systems and can send you on a route that includes fast chargers. A Better Route Planner is a great smartphone app alternative that will help you plan trips with included charge stops. Always have a backup plan in case a charger isn’t working or takes longer to charge than you expect.

If you charge at home, a typical 240-volt, 32-amp (Level 2) charger takes between 9 and 13 hours to fully charge an EV that can go more than 200 miles—about 25 to 30 miles of charge for every hour your vehicle is plugged in. A public Level 2 charger charges at the same rate but is appropriate for cases where people might spend a few hours at a restaurant or library or when parked at a train station, taking advantage of the opportunity to top off.  

Things get a lot more complex with DC fast chargers, which can typically charge a battery from 20 percent to 80 percent in about a half-hour, on average. Tesla’s Superchargers are even quicker, with the speed varying by model, although many of them are open only to Tesla vehicles. Exactly how fast your EV charges depends on the size of the battery, how fast the car is able to take the charge, the amperage of the circuit, and even the weather.

In theory, chargers that can deliver up to 150 kW of power can add up to 9 miles of range per minute for some vehicles. Chargers that deliver up to 350 kW of power can add about 20 miles of range per minute—but only if the car has a compatible plug and is designed to accept ultra-fast charging. 

In other words, if you drive a Ford Mach-E, Kia Niro EV, or Chevrolet Bolt—none of which is designed to accept ultra-fast charging—don’t bother searching for a 350-kW charger because your car can’t charge at that speed. Instead, the car will limit the flow of electricity based on the car’s max acceptance rate. For the example of the Mach-E, that’s 115 kW, which means a 150-kW charger would’ve been plenty. Although a Porsche Taycan or Hyundai Ioniq 5 can take advantage of the faster chargers, these stations can be harder to find—and in higher demand—than a 150-kW charger.

In addition, big vehicles with big batteries—like the GMC Hummer EV and Ford F-150 Lightning—take longer to charge, just as conventional trucks and SUVs with big fuel tanks take longer to fill.

In our own evaluations, we observed that EVs charge faster at DC charging stations when the battery is low and gradually ramp down the charging speed. We also noticed variations in charging speeds between different locations even within the same network, and that charging often took longer than manufacturers’ claims.

We’ve found that most electric cars deliver instant power from a stop, and they are both smooth and quiet when underway, which is very gratifying. Even the most affordable modern EVs can post 0-to-60-mph times that would put a gas-powered muscle car to shame.

The driving experience can be quite different from a traditional gasoline-fueled car. There’s no transmission changing gears, and regenerative braking—which uses the car’s momentum as it slows down or coasts to create extra electricity—can start slowing down the car as soon as you take your foot off the accelerator. You can usually adjust how aggressively an EV accelerates or how quickly its regenerative brakes slow down the vehicle. Many offer what’s called “one-pedal driving,” where the driver can speed up or slow down just by modulating the accelerator pedal.  

Despite their heavy batteries, EVs typically handle well because that battery is positioned low in the vehicle and there is no heavy engine over the front axle. Our testers often rave that many new EVs are very enjoyable to drive on our test track, even without the visceral thrum of a gas engine.

In cold weather, an EV’s range can drop dramatically because of the limitations of battery chemistry and unique power demands, such as managing battery and cabin temperatures. In our tests, we found that cold weather saps between 25 and 32 percent of range when cruising at 70 mph compared with the same conditions in mild weather and warm weather, respectively. Even with air conditioning on, we found that 80° F weather was optimal for battery range.

Before you drive, you can warm up your car while it’s still plugged in. That way, you won’t have to use valuable battery capacity to heat up the car’s interior, which would reduce range. Warming up your EV while it’s plugged in will also keep the battery warm, which makes it easier to accept a fast charge while on the road.

If a pure EV doesn’t fit your lifestyle but you still want to save money on fuel and reduce your use of fossil fuels, consider a hybrid or plug-in hybrid (PHEV) vehicle. Hybrid vehicles combine a battery pack, an electric motor that drives the car at low speeds, and a gas engine that kicks in for higher speeds, climbing hills, or recharging the battery. They offer significant fuel savings and lowered emissions compared with a gas-powered car, and they don’t ever need to be plugged in. However, they aren’t as efficient as a pure EV of a comparable size. (Learn more about hybrids here.)

PHEVs can operate on electric power alone for anywhere from 15 miles to 50 miles. Once their battery power is depleted, plug-ins transition from running on mostly electricity to operating as regular hybrids and driving about as far as a regular car, and they can quickly refuel at any gas station. Some PHEVs even qualify for a tax credit. However, unless they are plugged in regularly, they may not be as efficient as a traditional hybrid. (Learn more about PHEVs here.)

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