When you are given the task of designing an electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielded enclosure for a circuit board, understanding the balance between cost and performance is essential. There are many key decision points to always be aware of during the design process such as: budget (part price and tooling costs), galvanic compatibility, conductivity, the applications environment and how it relates to concerns with corrosion, material thickness, enclosure geometry (especially the shield height and how it relates to formability), application frequencies, short vs long term production quantities that will affect how your manufacturing method will evolve over time, packaging, and assembly of the shield onto the mating circuit board. One of the most crucial and fundamental decisions to consider after shield geometry is what material the shielded enclosure will be constructed from.
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The material choice will have a direct effect on project cost and application performance from an electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) point of view. Leader Tech Inc. offers a comprehensive selection of materials from pre-tin plated steel to high permeability metal to meet every designer’s needs. Our Applications Engineers are knowledgeable and ready to offer guidance to get you started in the right direction.
Popular Metals Used in RFI Shielding
The most common metals used by Leader Tech customers for RFI / EMI shielding are pre-tin plated steel in both bright and matte finishes and copper alloy 770, as known as nickel silver or German silver. Here is a quick look on how each one of them works:
Pre-Tin Plated Steel
Pre-tin plated steel is an ideal low cost solution that works well from lower frequencies in the kHz range through frequencies into the lower GHz range. Carbon steel has a permeability value in the lower hundreds range which provides the low-frequency magnetic shielding property that is missing in alloy 770, copper, or aluminum. The tin plating offers corrosion protection for the steel to prevent rusting as well as providing a great solderable surface to attach the shield to the traces on the surface board during assembly.
Copper Alloy 770 / Nickel Silver
Copper alloy 770, more commonly known as alloy 770, is a copper, nickel, zinc alloy used in EMI shielding applications mainly for its corrosion resistant properties. The alloy’s unified numbering system designation is UNS C. The base material is inherently aesthetic and does not require post plating to make it corrosion resistant or solderable. The material works well as an EMI shield beginning in the mid kHz range up into the GHz. The permeability is 1 which lends itself to be ideal in MRI related applications where no magnetic materials are permitted.
Copper
Copper is the most reliable metal in EMI shielding because it is highly effective in attenuating magnetic and electrical waves. From hospital MRI facilities to basic computer equipment, use of copper in RFI shielding serves the purpose effectively. Due to the versatility of this metal it can be easily fabricated along with its alloys brass, phosphorous bronze, and beryllium copper. These metals typically cost more than the alternative shielding alloys of pre-tin plated steel or copper alloy 770 but, on the other hand, offer a higher conductivity. Phosphorous bronze and beryllium copper are more commonly used in contact applications for batteries or springs due to their elasticity.
Aluminum
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Although aluminum does pose a few fabrication challenges, it is still an excellent choice for a number of applications mostly due to its non-ferrous properties, its strength-to-weight ratio, and its high conductivity. Aluminum has nearly 60 percent of conductivity when compared with copper, however, using this metal needs precise attention to its galvanic corrosion and oxidation properties. The material will form into an oxide over time and has poor solderability on its own.
With the prevalence of devices like phones, power lines, and home appliances, exposure to electromagnetic fields (EMFs) has become a rising concern. Many people are exploring ways to limit this exposure, and one promising solution is EMF shielding fabrics. These fabrics block harmful radiation while maintaining eco-friendliness. This guide explores the best materials for both personal protection and environmental safety, helping you choose fabrics that safeguard against EMFs without compromising sustainability.
According to a California law, EMFs are “a kind of energy field that radiates from electronic equipment and power lines.” Some EMFs are natural, but most are generated by human-made sources. At home, health can deteriorate as exposure to these levels is extended. Patients may experience fatigue, headaches, sleep disturbances, etc. Therefore, knowing about these fields and what influence they can have is paramount for health-oriented people. When looking for the best EMF shielding fabrics, there are various factors to consider.
Shielding fabrics is a tangible solution to minimize EMF exposure. These armor-type textiles are constructed with materials that block or absorb radiation. For day-to-day exposure limits, use fabrics to cover walls, windows, or clothing. The choice of fabric does not mean only the color; you need to be aware of its properties and effectiveness.
EMF shielding fabrics have several essential qualities. First, conductivity is key—fabrics containing conductive materials like silver, copper, or stainless steel offer superior protection. Second, durability ensures long-term effectiveness, with tough materials resisting wear and tear to maintain their shielding capabilities. Lastly, breathability and comfort are important, making the fabric suitable for daily use while still offering EMF protection. These features combined make these fabrics practical for safeguarding against electromagnetic exposure in everyday life
Different types of EMF shielding fabrics serve various purposes. Silver-coated textiles are highly conductive and provide excellent protection, making them ideal for clothing, curtain linings, or wall coverings. Flexible cotton-based fabrics embedded with metal offer budget-friendly options for shielding. These fabrics blend functionality with cost-efficiency, particularly when used in applications like home decor. Understanding the materials’ properties helps ensure you choose the right fabric for your needs while balancing effectiveness and budget.
Factors that affect the selection of shielding material include conductivity, weight, and the intended application. Higher conductivity offers better EMF protection, with silver, copper, or stainless steel enhancing performance. Heavier fabrics tend to offer more shielding, especially for residential or industrial use. However, clothing benefits from lighter, breathable fabrics to ensure comfort during wear. The type of shielding material used should align with the specific purpose, whether it’s for apparel, curtains, or other home applications, based on these characteristics.
A reliable manufacturer can alleviate concerns by rigorously testing their EMF shielding fabrics. It’s important to choose materials that have been independently certified for their effectiveness in blocking electromagnetic fields. This certification offers assurance of quality and provides peace of mind. Certified products ensure that they have undergone proper testing, offering protection against EMF exposure. Additionally, some manufacturers may offer free testing services, which further validate the reliability of the shielding fabric. Always prioritize certified materials for guaranteed protection.
Adequate care prolongs the life of the shielding fabrics. Washing instructions may differ depending on the material composition. The best durability typically comes from a gentle hand wash using mild detergent. Do not use harsh chemicals or bleach; they can damage the conductive elements. Regular inspection will prevent wear and tear, ensuring that it stays in good condition.
Applications for shielding fabrics are diverse. These materials can be used to create EMF-free zones in homes by adding them to curtains, bed canopies, or as wall liners. Clothing manufacturers also incorporate these fabrics to offer protection against electromagnetic fields while on the move. Additionally, in industrial settings, shielding fabrics are employed to protect sensitive equipment from electromagnetic interference (EMI), ensuring the proper functioning of devices and systems in heavy-duty environments. Each fabric type is chosen based on its specific shielding requirements and functionality.
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