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We want to know how long you can go between charges on a road trip, so we measure the range of every EV we test at highway speeds. We set the cruise control to 70 mph and record how many miles we can go until the battery is empty.
On our vehicle model pages, we show how long it takes to charge the battery at a variety of chargers, from high-speed to slower and more common chargers. We score a car based on how quickly you add miles to its range and measure how long it takes to charge a PHEV with the included wall charger.
Is the charging port easy to access? Can you quickly tell how much range is left and how long it will take to charge? Does the navigation system help you find nearby charging stations? These are just some of the questions we ask when evaluating an EV or a PHEV.
Many EVs and some PHEVs allow you to speed up or slow down by using only the accelerator pedal. We evaluate how easy it is to adjust this feature, and how smoothly drivers can slow down and stop.
EVs have one of three kinds of plugs. Tesla uses NACS (North American Charging Standard) for both Level 2 and DC fast charging. Many other automakers plan to use this kind of plug on newer vehicles. For DC fast charging, most non-Tesla EVs made before have an SAE/CCS combo plug. With a converter, CCS (Combined Charging Standard) can be used by Tesla models, and some Tesla chargers can be used by CCS cars. The Nissan Leaf uses CHAdeMO, which isn’t used by any other new EV sold in the U.S. and is not compatible with other plugs.
Because they have smaller batteries, PHEVs take less time to charge at a Level 2 outlet than a pure EV. Many PHEVs can also be charged overnight at regular household 120V outlets using a mobile charging cable that comes with the car. Most PHEVs cannot be charged at DC fast chargers.
You’ll need a professional electrician to install a Level 2 charger. Expect to pay about $500 to $1,200 for the work, plus $500 to $700 for the wall-mounted charging unit. A wiring upgrade may be needed in older homes and could cost thousands more. There are federal, state, and local incentives that can significantly reduce the cost of installing a charger at home. Some automakers and power companies also offer discounts.
Learn how to find the best home charger for your electric vehicle.
Most EV charging takes place at home. If you’re taking a longer trip, however, you’ll benefit from one of the 32,000 public DC fast-charging stations across the country. Many of these are designed for Tesla vehicles. More DC fast chargers are being built, and most are available near major highways. PHEVs can just go to a gas station when on a trip.
Because public charging stations aren’t as common (or as reliable) as gas stations, apps such as A Better Route Planner are necessary to help you find a working charger on your route and let you know how busy it is. Once you’re there, apps associated with the charging provider, such as Electrify America or EVGo, allow you to activate the charger and pay for the electricity you use.
Tesla owners have access to a network of Tesla Supercharger DC fast-charging stations, and we have found that they make topping up a Tesla seamless, convenient, and relatively quick. Owners of other EVs rely on a patchwork of chargers that aren’t always convenient to access and may not be in working order. Tesla has begun allowing other EVs to charge at some of its Superchargers and says it plans to open more.
See which EVs can charge at a Tesla Supercharger.
According to our car reliability survey, the reliability of hybrids as a whole is similar to gas-only vehicles. Many hybrids are no-nonsense vehicles from brands that shine in our reliability surveys regardless of what type of car they’re making. Learn more about PHEV and EV reliability.
Plug-in hybrids effectively combine two powertrains under one hood and tend to be less reliable than gas-only cars on average, but many of the least dependable PHEVs are from brands that struggle with reliability in general. By contrast, auto manufacturers that usually make reliable vehicles also tend to make trustworthy PHEVs.
On average, electric vehicle owners continue to report far more problems with their vehicles than owners of gas-only cars or hybrids. The majority of issues with EVs represent growing pains from all-new vehicle designs loaded with all the latest technologies, some of which come from manufacturers that are new to building cars.
Every year we ask our members about problems they’ve had with their vehicles in the previous 12 months. This year, we gathered data on over 330,000 vehicles, looking at 20 trouble areas, from nuisances—such as broken interior trim—to major issues, such as engine, transmission, EV battery, and EV charging problems. (Learn more about car reliability.)
Some new and used EVs and PHEVs qualify for federal tax credits of up to $7,500. But how much you’ll save depends on whether you buy or lease, where a car was made, how much the car costs, and how much you earn. Our guide helps break down your savings.
If you’re planning on taking road trips or want to go long distances between charges, these are the vehicles that can get between 250 and more than 400 miles on a single charge.
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There are many reasons why EV ranges drop in cold conditions. In our winter testing, we found that cold weather saps about 25 percent of range when cruising at 70 mph compared with driving in the same conditions during mild weather in the mid-60s.
There are more and more electric cars on the market every year. Some come from legacy automakers, others from new startups. We take a look at new models that will be available in the near future.
One of the many benefits of owning an all-electric vehicle (EV) is that you'll never need to visit a gas station. And charging it is as simple as plugging in a power cord, just like any other household electronic device.
But since electric vehicles are essentially a complex, self-contained power plant, there's value in understanding the various aspects that affect charging performance, battery health, and cost of ownership.
Keep reading for answers to some of the most commonly asked questions regarding the charging and regular maintenance of an all-electric vehicle, including the Ford Lightning and Ford Mustang Mach-E.
Every electric vehicle can be charged by plugging in the appropriate cable into any household power outlet. This method is called Level 1 charging, and is accomplished with the power cord that's included as part of the lease or purchase of the electric vehicle.
This is the most convenient form of charging because all you need is access to a standard electrical outlet found in the garage or on the outside of your home - there's no setup or modifications required. But since the battery capacity of an electric vehicle is quite large, and household electrical systems aren't industrial strength by nature, Level 1 charging is the slowest method of replenishing power.
Waiting nearly two days to charge your vehicle is obviously not ideal, which is why all electric vehicles offer a faster charging speed obtained via Level 2 charging. This higher power delivery is most commonly found in commercial parking lots in malls or shopping centers, and also designated EV parking spaces in office complexes.
Some Level 2 charging stations are offered as complimentary perks, but others may require a paid subscription or one-time payment to activate charging - the electricity you're using isn't free after all.
Level 2 charging significantly speeds up the process, with many electric vehicles reaching an optimal operating range after about 4 to 8 hours of being plugged in. Keep in mind that the power delivered by Level 2 charging stations can vary, and ultimately, your vehicle is in control of how quickly it can charge.
The speed and convenience of Level 2 charging can be had in your home too, but it may require professional installation of charging equipment, and possibly modification of your home's electrical panel if there isn't enough capacity.
"Quick Charging" or Level 3 charging is the fastest form of recharging available today, and can only be found at dedicated stations which require a subscription or payment. But the benefits are well worth the cost, especially if you're taking a long road trip or forgot to charge your vehicle the day before.
Today's newest electric vehicles are really able to take advantage of Level 3 charging. When connected to a 350 kW DC fast charger, your electric vehicle will charge the fastest!
With electric vehicles becoming more popular, charging stations are easier to find than ever, especially if you live in a large metropolitan area. Many major malls, grocery stores, and office buildings have dedicated EV parking spaces with charging stations, and more "EV rest stops" are popping up alongside America's most popular freeways.
EVgo, Electrify America, and ChargePoint are examples of the growing networks of charging stations in the country, and finding specific charging stops is as simple as visiting a website or mobile app. Many EVs will already have these charging locations programmed in the navigation system, and Android Auto or Apple CarPlay will also have this information on-hand.
In some ways, EVs are just like your smartphone, in that the best time to charge it is, honestly, whenever you have convenient access to power. This could be when you're at work, shopping for groceries, or simply parked at home for the evening.
Because the element of time is unavoidable with electric charging, I personally like to always top off whenever I can so I don't end up with a low battery and "range anxiety." When charging at home, utilize the EV's built-in scheduling function to automatically charge during non-peak hours to reduce electric bill costs and network load.
In the past, the vast majority of vehicles on the road were fueled by gas or diesel. So it made sense to measure efficiency by how many miles a vehicle could travel on a gallon. Hence the familiar MPG on the window sticker.
But when the automotive industry began to pivot toward electric vehicles, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) needed a new measurement. MPGe stands for "miles per gallon equivalent." In creating the MPGe standard, the EPA based it around the fact that the energy in a gallon of gasoline was equivalent to 33.7 kilowatt-hours (kWh).
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