The LiFePO4 voltage chart is an important tool that helps you understand the charge levels, performance, and health of lithium-ion phosphate batteries. The chart illustrates the voltage range, including fully charged and discharged states, to help you identify the current SoC (State of Charge) of your batteries. With the LiFePO4 battery voltage chart, you can gauge performance, ensure optimal usage, and extend the battery's lifespan.
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The voltage of the LiFePO4 cells depends on the state of charge. Whenever the battery charges and discharges, the LiFePO4 battery voltage rises. If the LiFePO4 battery voltage is higher, it can store more energy and increase the overall capacity.
Individual LiFePO4 cells typically have a 3.2V nominal voltage. The cells are fully charged at 3.65V, and at 2.5V, they become fully discharged. Here's a 3.2V LiFePO4 voltage chart:
12V 100Ah LiFePO4 batteries are a great upgrade for 12V lead acid batteries. They are one of the safest batteries for off-grid solar systems. When they are fully charged, the battery voltage becomes 14.6V. It drops to 10 volts when fully discharged. The below 12V LiFePO4 voltage chart reveals how the voltage drops with respect to battery capacity.
You can either purchase a 24V LiFePO4 battery or buy two identical 12V LiFePO4 batteries and connect them in series. These batteries are fully charged at 29.2V and drop to 20 volts when discharging. Here's the 24V LiFePO4 voltage chart:
48V batteries are generally used in larger solar power systems. The high-voltage solar system keeps the amperage low, helping you save high on equipment and wiring costs. Here's the 48V LiFePO4 voltage chart:
A battery's SoC (state of charge) indicates the remaining capacity that can be discharged over the battery pack's total capacity. Suppose you have a battery pack rated 100Ah and still have 30Ah left to discharge. In this case, the SoC will be 30%.
In other words, if you charge the battery to 100Ah and then discharge around 70Ah, it will still have 30Ah left. The SoC of a battery depends on its voltage and vice versa. When the battery is charged, the voltage increases.
The following SoC and LiFePO4 charge voltage chart reveals the relationship between the two parameters.
Note: All the values in this article are approximate, temperature/load-dependent, and must be measured at rest for an accurate SoC estimate. Kindly follow the battery OEM datasheet for exact charge/cutoff settings.
There are different ways to determine the battery's SoC, such as voltage, counting coulombs, etc.
If you want to extend the battery's lifespan, you need to charge the LiFePO4 battery properly. Each battery type has a level of voltage that must be reached to get maximum performance while improving the battery's health. You may use the SoC chart as a guide while recharging the batteries. For example, 90% charge for a 24V battery is 26.8V.
The state of the charge curve indicates how the 1-cell battery voltage varies depending on charging time.
Some basic LiFePO4 battery charging parameters include different types of voltages, such as charging, float, maximum/minimum, and nominal. The below table reveals the battery charging parameters at 3.2V, 12V, 24V, and 48V.
Note: Float is generally not recommended for LiFePO4. If your system requires a float, consider following the manufacturer’s datasheet.
LiFePO4 batteries charge differently from lead-acid batteries, but the charging process can still be broken into stages. For LiFePO4, the Bulk and Absorption stages are the most important, while Float and Equalization either behave differently or are not required.
Bulk Charge (Constant Current): In this stage, the charger delivers maximum current to the battery until it reaches its set charging voltage (typically 3.45V – 3.65V per cell, or 13.8V – 14.6V for a 12V battery). The battery voltage steadily rises while most of the energy is stored. This stage usually recharges the battery to about 90–95% of capacity.
Absorption Charge (Constant Voltage): Once the battery reaches the target voltage, the charger switches to constant voltage. Current gradually tapers off as the battery completes charging. For LiFePO4, this stage is shorter compared to lead-acid. The absorption phase continues until the charging current drops to a low cutoff point set by the charger. At the end of absorption, the battery is fully charged (≈100%).
Float Charge (Maintenance Stage): Unlike lead-acid, LiFePO4 does not require long-term float charging because it has a very low self-discharge rate. If the charger provides a float function, it typically holds the voltage at around 13.4V – 13.6V for a 12V battery (≈3.35V per cell). This is safe but unnecessary, and for long storage, it’s better to keep the battery at 50–70% state of charge (SOC) rather than full.
Note: Equalization charging is designed for lead-acid batteries to remove sulfation and balance cells. LiFePO4 batteries should never be equalized, as the high voltage used in this process can damage the cells. Balancing is instead managed by the Battery Management System (BMS) built into most LiFePO4 packs.
Discharge means the power is withdrawn from the battery to charge appliances. The battery discharge chart typically represents the relationship between voltage and discharge time.
Below is the 12V LiFePO4 discharge curve at different discharge rates.
One of the most important things you need to extend the battery's lifespan is DoD or Depth of Discharge. It is the discharged battery capacity in relation to its overall capacity. In other words, the more the LiFePO4 battery is charged and recharged, the shorter its lifespan will be.
The discharge is typically shown using charts and curves. You will need to look at the depth of discharge to determine the fraction of power withdrawn from a battery. A battery discharge rate is a measure of how quickly a battery releases its energy and capacity over a specific time period.
LiFePO4 battery voltage affects the performance, power it can deliver, the overall lifespan, and the amount of energy it can store.
Capacity: Capacity in amp-hours (Ah) is independent of system voltage, but the total stored energy is calculated as watt-hours (Wh = V × Ah). For example, a 12V 200 Ah battery and a 24V 100 Ah battery both store about 2,400Wh. A higher-voltage system doesn’t create more energy by itself. It just delivers the same energy at a different balance of volts and amps.
Charging: All the LiFePO4 batteries need a specific charging voltage and current for best performance. When the charging voltage is too low, the battery will not charge fully, eventually reducing capacity. If the voltage becomes too high, it often contributes to overcharging and can damage the battery.
Discharging: The discharge voltage of the LiFePO4 battery also affects the performance. When you discharge the battery below the recommended voltage level, it leads to irreversible battery damage and reduces its lifespan.
Efficiency: Higher-voltage systems are often more efficient at delivering the same power because they require lower current for the same wattage. Lower current means reduced I²R (heat) losses in cables and components, smaller wire sizes, and less strain on connectors. This is why large off-grid or backup systems often use 24V or 48V packs instead of 12V.
Lifespan: Battery lifespan is not determined by nominal system voltage (12V vs 24V vs 48V). Instead, it depends on factors like depth of discharge, time spent at a high state of charge, operating temperature, and charge voltage settings. Regardless of nominal voltage, keeping cells within the safe range (~2.5–3.65 V per cell), avoiding heat, and not holding them at 100% for long periods are the key ways to maximize cycle life.
Checking the open circuit battery voltage via a multimeter method is moderately accurate. However, there is one downside. You'll have to disconnect all loads and chargers and keep the battery at rest.
First, you must remove the loads and chargers attached to the LiFePO4 battery. Wait 15-30 minutes before measuring the open circuit voltage using the multimeter. You can compare it with the SoC chart in your battery manual or the voltage curve chart.
This is one of the most accessible and reliable methods to measure battery capacity. All you need to do is connect a high-quality battery monitor to the battery and determine the charge level.
Using the solar charge controller to determine the battery capacity may seem convenient, but it is not a very accurate method. The voltage reading is mainly inaccurate as the measurement is done with loads and chargers attached.
Besides LiFePO4, there are many other batteries available in the market. In this section, we will reveal different types of batteries and their voltage charts.
The lithium-ion batteries are popular choices for modern electronics, portable devices, and electric vehicles. They have better performance than their traditional counterparts and are best known for their high energy density. Additionally, they are highly efficient and have quick charging capabilities, making them ideal for many applications.
Capacity
6V Sealed Lead Acid Battery
6V Flooded Lead Acid Battery
100%
6.44V
6.32V
90%
6.39V
6.26V
80%
6.33V
6.20V
70%
6.26V
6.15V
60%
6.20V
6.09V
50%
6.11V
6.03V
40%
6.05V
5.98V
30%
5.98V
5.94V
20%
5.90V
5.88V
10%
5.85V
5.82V
0%
5.81V
5.79V
Note: These are resting (open-circuit) voltages and measured after the battery has been disconnected and at rest (4–24 hours) for accurate SOC readings.
The deep cycle batteries can provide steady power for long periods. They are ideal for situations that need consistent energy output, such as recreational vehicles or renewable energy systems. The new valve regulated lead acid deep cycle batteries like AGM and Gel are known for greater DoD (depth of discharge). Here's a lead acid deep cycle battery voltage chart at 12V, 24V, and 48V.
Capacity
12V
24V
48V
100%
13.00V
26.00V
52.00V
99%
12.80V
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25.60V
51.20V
90%
12.75V
25.50V
51.00V
80%
12.50V
25.00V
50.00V
70%
12.30V
24.60V
49.20V
60%
12.15V
24.30V
48.60V
50%
12.05V
24.10V
48.20V
40%
11.95V
23.90V
47.80V
30%
11.81V
23.62V
47.24V
20%
11.66V
23.32V
46.64V
10%
11.51V
23.02V
46.04V
0%
10.50V
21.00V
42.00V
Note: Values are resting open-circuit voltages at 25 °C (77 °F), and actual numbers vary by manufacturer.
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Appliances running time:
If you want a standard essential home backup solution that can keep core appliances such as fridges and lights powered for weeks, the Jackery HomePower Plus is an ideal choice.
Customer Review
Very easy to set up, solar charge, great support! Going to buy more batteries!
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The Jackery HomePower is an advanced essential home backup solution that can keep fridges, lights, and fans powered for extended periods. It is the lightest and smallest 3kWh LFP power station designed with dual-sided handles for easy transportation. It is also compatible with the Jackery Manual Transfer Switch to connect the power station with the home's electricity panel. This lets you switch to backup power when the grid fails.
Appliances running time:
If you want an essential home battery backup solution that keeps important appliances, such as fridges, lights, TVs, and fans, powered for hours, the Jackery HomePower has got your back.
Customer Review
So far, I have only used the grid to charge the unit, but it holds a charge like nothing I have seen before. I have the fridge, deep freezer, entertainment center, router, desktop computer, and one lamp, and I only hafta plug it in to recharge every 38 hours.
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If you are planning to live off the grid or plan for unexpected outages, you can consider the expandable Jackery Explorer Plus Portable Power Station that can be expanded from 2kWh to 24kWh with add-on battery packs.
Customer Review
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The Jackery Explorer Plus Portable Power Station is a compact power solution that can supply stable electricity to most appliances. It has a lifespan of cycles after which the battery capacity drops to 70% capacity. The LiFePO4 battery boosts a lifespan of 10-year and can provide a pure sine wave and constant voltage. The stable power output and innovative ChargeShield technology protect the equipment against damage and ensure safe operation.
Appliance running time:
If you want to live a sustainable lifestyle, like off-grid living, and want a reliable off-grid generator, you can consider trying the Jackery Explorer Plus Portable Power Station. It can also be expanded based on your power needs.
Customer Review
When I got this, I thought I'd put it to the test and plug in my refrigerator at 350W. At this wattage, Jackery's estimation was just under three hours. Plugged in my refrigerator at 7:30 a.m., pulled the plug at 7:30 p.m. with 59% battery life left.
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Appliance running time:
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Customer Review
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LiFePO4 is a reliable and long-lasting battery that has recently gained popularity. With appropriate maintenance, these batteries can last up to ten years.
Here are a few factors that can affect the 12V LiFePO4 battery lifespan.
One of the simple methods to boost the lifespan or charging/discharging rates is by increasing the battery's Ah capacity. The nylon tape around the cells and keeping the battery at a cool temperature can also improve the lifespan.
The LiFePO4 charging voltage lies somewhere between 3.50 - 3.65V. It's worth noting that the charging voltage of LiFePO4 cannot exceed 3.65V because Li batteries are generally sensitive to over current and over voltage.
The nominal voltage for a standard lithium-ion cell is typically 3.6V or 3.7V, though some manufacturers may list it as 3.7V.
The nominal LiFePO4 cell voltage is 3.2V. These cells are fully discharged at 2.5V and charged at 3.65V. It's important to note that these values might vary depending on the cell’s specifications.
The minimum voltage damage for 12V LiFePO4 batteries is around 10V. If the LiFePO4 battery is discharged below the minimum voltage, it will likely be permanently damaged. That's why it's vital to check the LiFePO4 battery voltage chart and ensure you safely charge your batteries.
The low voltage cutoff for LiFePO4 is the predetermined voltage threshold below which any battery should not discharge. The value for LiFePO4 battery is around 2.5V per cell.
The LiFePO4 bulk/absorb voltage lies between 14.2 and 14.6 volts. Do not exceed 3.65 V per cell (≈14.6V for a 12.8V pack). Voltages above this limit can damage cells or trigger protective shutdowns. If a charger or manual claims >14.6V, change it and follow the battery OEM datasheet.
No battery can last forever, no matter how good it is. A LiFePO4 battery may start degrading after a few years, and you may see some signs of degradation. Here are a few of them.
The LiFePO4 voltage chart can help you understand the performance levels of the batteries. Once you read and understand the LiFePO4 voltage chart, it will help you know how useful these batteries are for power backup systems.
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I was deffinetly planning to use a BMS, I haven't 100% decided on which, but I was leaning heavy towards the Overkill unit that Will Prowse recommends (Overkill Solar 12v 4S 120A BMS w/ Low temp Charging Protection). Is there a better one out there? I'm only planning on installing at max a 500Watt pure sine inverter, just to run a TV or small AC appliance, so the 120 amp BMS is big enough.Many people are very happy with the Overkill. Some friends of mine have it, and it does the job. With regards to balancing, it has not a strong balancer.
For you new battery you need a BMS anyway.
The fasted way to do a top balance, is to put the battery together in series, with the BMS attached. Now you can charge the battery as you woud do normally.
After the BMS cuts the charge because of overvoltage of one cell, you can disassemble the battery, put everyting in parrallel and finish the topbalance. For the last part, you need a powersupply that provides 3.65 or 3.6 volts.
There are also a lot of people that don't do the topbalance and trust that the BMS will take care of this. If you have a BMS with a good active balancer, you can do that. However, still I can take quite some time before the pack is balanced if you go that route. The JK BMS has a pretty good build-in active balancer, so if you don't do the top balance upfront, go for the JK.
Which JK BMS would you recommend? There are quite a few.You need to look at the number of cells you want to put in series. In your case that is 4.
The BMS cutted charging within 10 minutes. It is possible to have the balancer take care of this, but in this scenario, I would just take ages to have this fixed by the BMS. Not days, but realy ages.Active balancer would be a few days to a week as it runs 24/7. Yes passive balancing could be effectively never as shown above.
Active balancer would be a few days to a week as it runs 24/7. Yes passive balancing could be effectively never as shown above.Active balancer in my BMS is 2 amps. Looking at the differences (a couple very high and a couple very low), even a 2 amp balancer won't be able to fix that fast. Now the top balance is in progress. with 30 amps. I assume the pack is 50% full on average (9 cells are above 3.4). So that would take me 3 days from now.
However yes if the individual cells are 500 mV different a quick session to 3.450 might be in order. But still I would sooner buy the active balancer over a power supply that still may take a week+ with 16 cells. OP has a 5 amp charger.
You need to look at the number of cells you want to put in series. In your case that is 4.I went over to jkbms.com and I can't find any reference to this BMS. I searched the page and come up with nothing. Is that an old BMS?
In addition you can look at the capacity of the balancer. If you don't want to do the top balance, i would go for the most powerfull (2A). If that is too much, you can configure the app and set a lower amperage. With large cells 2A is perfectly fine.
Finally the max output the BMS can deliver (max amps). In my opinion, more is always better, so (200 Amps).
I just looked at the Hankzore store (on Aliexpress) and think this one would adress the above specs.
Personally good experiences with this shop on Ali. I ordered 3 BMS's from them and recentely 2 Neey active balancers. All delivered very fast.
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